triadimefon fungicide mode of action

9.48 0 0 9.48 81.93 359.61 Tm /F7 1 Tf [(V)51(o)-15(l)-6(. )-8( It)-5( w)-5(a)-4(s)-8( us)-8(ed i)-5(n)1( )-13(l)-5(i)-5(e)-4(u )-13(of )-13(t)-5(r)-1(i)-5(a)-4(di)-5(mefon )-13(due)]TJ 0 G T* -0.002 Tw [(0.01 )123(c)-2929( )-254( )]TJ 0.043 Tw 39.746 0 TD -0.949 -1.114 TD )]TJ 7.761 0 TD -0.001 Tc [(CV)26( \()10(%)2(\))]TJ (Untreated)Tj BT !\!Y\ !p 9.48 0 0 9.48 174.45 464.01 Tm 2.319 Tc [(F)10(i)0(ve applications)7( of)11( tr)11(iadim)8(e)2(f)11(on and m)8(y)-1(clobutanil, 8 J)7(une to 6 A)12(ugus)7(t. D)12(a)2(ta excer)11(pted f)11(r)11(o)-1(m)8( P)10(ear)11(s)7(on and Riegel \()11(28\))11(. -0.001 Tc [(cu)6(lated)6( as )]TJ 7.015 0 TD 9.48 0 0 9.48 44.97 749.49 Tm f /F5 1 Tf 8.04 0 0 8.04 50.01 68.73 Tm 323.01 268.17 0.6 -0.6 re 6.96 0 0 6.96 256.77 186.21 Tm [(1)2776(4)2776(0)-485(\205\205\205\205\205\205)15(7)2776(9)15(7)2776(2)0(7)2776(5)0(4)2776(7)0(1)2776(0)0(6)2776(8)0(1)2776(7)0(5)2776(3)]TJ -0.13 Tc Genotoxicity screening should be considered as an indispensable tool in the implementation of a comprehensive medical surveillance in people potentially exposed to various environmental pollutants. )-7( F)-5(ungal)-4( grow)-4(t)-4(h)2( w)-4(a)-3(s)-7( meas)-7(ured as)-7( )-13(t)-4(h)2(e)]TJ [(Myclobutanil)-7029(84)-2821( )-254( )]TJ 0 g /F7 1 Tf (\205)Tj -17.045 -1.716 TD -0.004 Tc -62.119 -1.119 TD 293.37 186.69 29.52 -0.6 re [( iso)6(l)0(ates were cu)6(ltu)6(red)6( o)6(n)6( 9)6(-)4(m)6(m)6(-)4(d)6(i)0(am)6(eter leaf )-12(d)6(i)0(sk)6(s )-12(cu)6(t )-12(with)6( )-12(a)]TJ More concerning regarding potential triadimefon toxicity in frogs are changes in thyroid function. [(w)-4(a)-3(s)-7( 33 t)-4(o)2( 86%)-6( great)-4(er \(s)-7(i)-4(gni)-4(fi)-4(cant)-4( at)-4( )]TJ 0 Tc [(0.00 )123(b)-2933( )-254( )-254( )-254(3.0 )123(c)-3160( )-254( )]TJ -0.005 Tc 8.04 0 0 8.04 472.05 23.73 Tm f 3.567 Tc -0.024 Tc [( cv)57(. 0.019 Tw (=\261)Tj )-4(0)5(5)5(%)-3( )13(T)78(w)-1(een)5( 2)5(0)5( fo)5(r th)5(e co)5(n)5(t)-1(ro)5(l\) with)5( g)5(e)0(n)5(tle ag)5(itatio)5(n)]TJ [(of t)-3(h)3(e \223w)-3(ors)-6(t)-3( cas)-6(e\224 di)-3(f)14(f)1(erence bet)-3(w)-3(een means)-6( of t)-3(w)-3(o)3( hypot)-3(het)-3(i)-3(cal)]TJ <>stream o 5.52 0 0 5.52 112.29 157.41 Tm [(air)26(-)1(dry )13(for )13(~)-6(5)3( )13(min. (\351)Tj 122.61 151.05 34.08 -0.6 re -59.433 -1.687 TD 0.069 Tw [(an)6(d)6( d)6(a)1(ta were an)6(aly)6(zed)6( as a o)6(n)6(e)1(-way)6( )-12(an)6(aly)6(s)-4(is )-12(o)6(f)4( )-12(v)6(a)1(rian)6(ce )-12(\(ANOV)127(A\))]TJ /F7 1 Tf -0.029 Tc [(latio)5(n)5( fro)5(m)5( ex)5(istin)5(g)5( g)5(r)3(o)5(wth)5(, after wh)5(ich)5( )-12(iso)5(l)-1(ates )-12(were )-12(reco)5(v)5(e)0(red)]TJ ( )Tj xs -5.367 -2.063 TD (n)Tj Acrobat Distiller 3.0 for Windows; modified using iText 4.2.0 by 1T3XT f -0.005 Tc f -0.005 Tc 240.57 114.69 0.6 -0.6 re uuid:9b787bc6-d5bd-43c7-b1f4-64b68112cef9 /F5 1 Tf T* 2.881 0 TD [(31 b)-3608( )-123( )-377( )-123( )]TJ 474.69 186.69 0.6 -0.6 re (0.2 b)Tj 0.096 Tw ( )Tj T* 5.179 0 TD 8.04 0 0 8.04 50.01 86.73 Tm /F7 1 Tf [(wh)5(ere)]TJ 19.949 0 TD ET f [(0.01 )123(c)-2929( )-254( )]TJ It is located >)-9(2)3( km from the nearest vineyard treated)]TJ endstream )-7( )-12(The )-12(degree )-12(of )-12(pow)-4(dery)]TJ [(2.2 )123(d)-3358( )-254( )]TJ -0.005 Tc [(F)10(our)11( applications)7( of)11( all f)11(ungicides)7(,)2( 17 J)7(une to 30 J)7(u)-1(ly)58(. (22)Tj 0 Tc 5.04 0 0 5.04 517.77 150.09 Tm (\371)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.083 Tw 8.04 0 0 8.04 50.01 59.73 Tm !\!Y\ !p 0.231 Tw )]TJ 262.89 151.05 0.6 -0.6 re 0 Tc -0.004 Tc <>stream 7.987 0 0 7.987 182.25 717.93 Tm f f 0 Tc /F5 1 Tf w3TPI2P0T5T0 -Br44C@" ) s [(. Online stacking procedure carried out on injection acts as a preconcentration step and together with SPE for sample preparation shifts the detection limits to the low gl1 range, even on use of the classical on-column diode array detection. 194.85 151.05 0.6 -0.6 re ( )Tj T* /F7 1 Tf xs 14 0 obj 0.107 Tw 0.095 Tw -0.13 Tc f )-6( C)-7(h)3(ardonnay)]TJ T* 0.032 Tw The most important is the C14-demethylase inhibited by 26 triazoles including, Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (Second Edition). f 0.507 0 TD )-7( Inocu-)]TJ )-7( F)-5(o)2(r i)-4(n)2(s)-7(t)-4(ance,)]TJ 0.021 Tw [(units)7(, )15(w)12(ith )15(the expr)11(es)7(s)7(e)2(d value r)11(e)2(pr)11(es)7(enting the m)8(i)0(dpoint of)11( the r)11(a)2(nge. 8.04 0 0 8.04 50.01 50.73 Tm /F6 1 Tf 436.41 209.73 0.6 -0.6 re [(t)-6(i)-6(ons)-9( )13(of 31. /F5 1 Tf Triadimefon binds to hepatic cytochrome P450 and inhibits microsomal enzyme activities. endstream 502.29 209.73 64.44 -0.6 re -0.005 Tc 501.57 209.73 0.6 -0.6 re [(Sheets, )13(Bayer )13(Corp., )13(Kansas City)69(, MO\) and because preliminary)]TJ -0.005 Tc -11.912 0.914 TD ET /F5 1 Tf 8.04 0 0 8.04 149.37 258.21 Tm -0.001 Tc % /F6 1 Tf x+ | Wheat yields in much of China are periodically undermined by explosive outbreaks of infections by Puccinia striiformis, the cause of a disease known as stripe rust. 1 g 0.899 0 TD [2] In fruit it is used on pineapple and banana. 0.042 Tw /F7 1 Tf /F1 1 Tf -0.004 Tc /F7 1 Tf 0 Tc 28.716 0 TD <>stream 475.41 268.17 29.52 -0.6 re [( =)-11( 0. f [(tanil, and f)10(e)1(nar)10(i)-1(m)7(o)-2(l if)10( their)10( )-15(ED)]TJ xS**T0T0 BiU" n )-15(F)10(o)-1(r)11( )-15(analys)7(es)7( )-15(of)11( )-15(c)17(r)26(o)13(s)22(s)22(-)26(r)26(e)17(s)22(i)15(s)22(-)]TJ T* 386.25 281.25 55.56 -0.6 re /F3 1 Tf -0.004 Tc 0.014 Tc [(w)-5(h)1(en di)-5(s)-8(c)-4(ret)-5(e)-4( hyphae coul)-5(d not)-5( be i)-5(d)1(ent)-5(i)-5(f)-1(i)-5(e)-4(d,)-8( us)-8(i)-5(ng an ocul)-5(ar )-12(mi)-5(-)]TJ 0.835 0 TD [( values r)10(e)1(pr)10(esented w)11(ithin the indicated log ED)]TJ endstream -0.004 Tc 181.41 734.85 5.4 -7.68 re 0.207 Tw [(2.7 )123(a)-3489( )-254( )-254( )-254(20 )123(b)-3354( )-254( )]TJ InChI=1S/C14H16ClN3O2/c1-14(2,3)12(19)13(18-9-16-8-17-18)20-11-6-4-10(15)5-7-11/h4-9,13H,1-3H3, InChI=1/C14H16ClN3O2/c1-14(2,3)12(19)13(18-9-16-8-17-18)20-11-6-4-10(15)5-7-11/h4-9,13H,1-3H3, CC(C)(C)C(=O)C(N1C=NC=N1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "Triadimefon Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) and Triadimenol Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decision (TRED) Fact Sheet", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triadimefon&oldid=1080824668, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 April 2022, at 17:50. /F5 1 Tf f [(t)-5(o)1( t)-5(r)-1(i)-5(a)-4(di)-5(menol)-5( \(i)-5(.)-8(e)-4(. 8.04 0 0 8.04 392.85 172.65 Tm endobj 0.019 Tw /F5 1 Tf 0.006 Tc (Rate)Tj [(am)5(en)5(d)5(e)0(d)5( )13(0)5(. [(\(Min)5(itab)5(\))3(. [(prel)-5(i)-5(m)1(i)-5(n)1(ary t)-5(o)1( t)-5(h)1(i)-5(s)-8( s)-8(t)-5(udy,)-8( w)-5(e)-4( )-13(obt)-5(ai)-5(ned )-13(hi)-5(ghl)-5(y )-13(vari)-5(abl)-5(e)-4( )-13(res)-8(u)1(l)-5(t)-5(s)]TJ [(vi)-5(neyards)-8(. 0.286 Tw (1992)Tj [(gor)9(ies ar)9(e )]TJ Moreover, mRNA expression essential for normal functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis was altered by triadimefon at either 112g/L or 1.12mg/L. Mild toxicity generally results from oral or dermal exposure. 0 Tw ET [(zero-concent)-4(r)0(at)-4(i)-4(on )13(cont)-4(rol)-4( t)-4(r)0(eat)-4(ment)-4(\),)-7( and rel)-4(a)-3(t)-4(i)-4(v)2(e grow)-4(t)-4(h)2( dat)-4(a)]TJ [(T)35(r)11(eatm)8(e)2(nt)]TJ 0.059 Tw !\!Y\ !p 1 g 0 g Other fungicides used to control stripe rust are the structurally related compounds: diniconazole, propiconazole, and tebuconazole. [(l)-5(eaves)-8( of young,)-8( greenhous)-8(e-grow)-5(n )]TJ 0.207 Tw (\327)Tj 0.029 Tw 15.925 0 TD 0.03 Tw f f 3.646 0 TD f (z)Tj 0.057 Tw ( )Tj )]TJ 1 g Outbreaks occur in years when the weather favors the fungal pathogen, and they have reduced China's annual wheat yield by as much as 6million metric tons. f -0.001 Tc (u)Tj f [(i)-4(s)-7(ol)-4(at)-4(es)-7( )12(w)-4(e)-3(re )12(s)-7(e)-3(parat)-4(e)-3(d )12(by more t)-4(h)2(an t)-4(w)-4(o)2( orders)-7( of magni)-4(t)-4(ude\))]TJ [( and i)-5(n)1(cubat)-5(e)-4(d for 7 t)-5(o)]TJ 0.159 Tw -23.881 -1.119 TD 0 Tw 0.004 Tc [(ful)-4(l)-4(y)2( )13(expanded )13(l)-4(eaves)-7( \(~)-7(12 cm acros)-7(s)-7( and dark green\) fi)-4(ve nodes)]TJ BT -0.13 Tc endstream BT /F7 1 Tf The conazole class of fungicides includes cyproconazole, diniconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, propiconazole, imazalil, etc. 0 Tc f w3TPI2P0T5T0 -Br44C@" ) s 11.418 0 TD ( )Tj [(l)-6(i)-6(s)-9(hed \(6\). 0.028 Tw 44.85 308.61 53.88 -0.6 re -17.949 -1.114 TD 12 0 0 12 322.05 118.53 Tm T* 0.094 Tw f -0.001 Tc 0 Tc 8.04 0 0 8.04 50.01 41.73 Tm [(a)-9(ssa)-9(y)]TJ 50.61 114.69 59.4 -0.6 re T* 8.04 0 0 8.04 392.85 199.77 Tm Table 2.4. 9.48 0 0 9.48 111.45 317.37 Tm f 0.041 Tw T* 6.96 0 0 6.96 256.77 118.53 Tm (z)Tj /F6 1 Tf -0.003 Tc f 0 Tc The findings so far in areas exposed to agrochemicals are indicative of the importance of the tests used for early detection of an increased risk of developing various diseases such as cancers, reproductive problems, and birth defects. f BT T* 0.057 Tw -0.009 Tc -0.001 Tc [(U. n)6(eca)6(to)6(r)]TJ (y)Tj [(a )13(sin)5(g)5(l)-1(e )13(cam)5(el h)5(a)0(ir attach)5(ed)5( to)5( a g)5(l)-1(ass p)5(i)-1(p)5(e)0(tte \(su)5(rface-sterilized)5( in)]TJ /F5 1 Tf We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. -50.239 -1.119 TD T* 0.005 Tc 49 0 obj (z)Tj 0.055 Tw f 9 0 0 9 164.01 50.73 Tm 8.04 0 0 8.04 525.93 284.97 Tm Following long-term exposure, propiconazole causes liver hypertrophy and tumors in mice, uterine lumen dilation in rats, developmental toxicity indicative of reduced pup weight at parentally toxic doses, and skeletal variations in laboratory animals (JMPR, 2004). The coupling of the carboxylic acid to a carrier protein (or enzyme) is achieved via mixed function anhydride, carbodiimide or NHS. [(dew)-5( )13(i)-6(n)1( )13(t)-6(h)1(e U)-5(n)1(i)-6(t)-6(e)-4(d S)-6(t)-6(a)-4(t)-6(e)-4(s)-9(. /F5 1 Tf 0.006 Tc endstream (s)Tj /F7 1 Tf T* [(70%)-7( )13(et)-5(hanol)-5( )13(for )13(10 mi)-5(n and t)-5(horoughl)-5(y ai)-5(r)24(-)-1(dri)-5(e)-4(d\) and t)-5(r)-1(ans)-8(f)-1(erred)]TJ -55.328 -1.119 TD [(of leaf age with three nested leaf replications and eight subsamples)]TJ 0.134 Tw xs [(7)-11( days)-8(. 0.003 Tw f (1.9 b)Tj )-8(5 \(50%)-7( rel)-5(a)-4(t)-5(i)-5(v)1(e grow)-5(t)-5(h)1(\). 8.04 0 0 8.04 263.73 118.53 Tm [(amended w)-4(a)-3(t)-4(e)-3(r agar and w)-4(e)-3(re mai)-4(n)2(t)-4(a)-3(i)-4(n)2(ed on t)-4(h)2(e l)-4(a)-3(b )-13(bench )-13(for )-13(3 )-13(t)-4(o)]TJ [(provi)-4(ded are s)-7(how)-4(n i)-4(n)2( T)75(a)-3(bl)-4(e 1. -0.001 Tw 0.557 0 TD /F6 1 Tf @ 0.233 Tw 0 Tc A recent report from a research group in China called triadimefon the most widely used fungicide. A broad-based report on current triadimefon usage there, stated that usage was increasing annually, and that surface waters contained the fungicide from non-detectable levels to 5.22g/L. -0.004 Tc [(F)10(our)11( applications)7( of)11( all f)11(ungicides)7(,)2( 21 J)7(une to 2 A)12(ugus)7(t. D)12(a)2(ta excer)11(pted f)11(r)11(o)-1(m)8( W)54(ilcox and Reigel \()11(43\))11(. -0.003 Tc 308.49 223.53 125.4 -0.6 re Figure 2.5. (1994)Tj 292.65 186.69 0.6 -0.6 re 5.52 0 0 5.52 44.97 98.25 Tm /F7 1 Tf [(ci)-4(de )13(concent)-4(r)0(at)-4(i)-4(on )13(and fi)-4(t)-4( t)-4(o)2( a negat)-4(i)-4(v)2(e l)-4(ogi)-4(s)-7(t)-4(i)-4(c)-3( regres)-7(s)-7(i)-4(on curve)]TJ [(0.03 )123(b)-2933( )-254( )-254( )-254(3.1 )123(c)-3160( )-254( )]TJ 0 Tc [(D)-4(e)-3(t)-4(e)-3(r)-7(m)-4(i)-4(nat)-4(i)-4(on of)-4( 50%)-6( ef)-4(f)-4(ect)-4(i)-4(ve dos)-7(e \(ED)]TJ (z)Tj /F7 1 Tf (P )Tj [( isolates for sensi-)]TJ -0.003 Tc 9.418 0 TD -0.009 Tc /F7 1 Tf BT [(on )13(t)-5(h)1(e )13(l)-5(a)-4(b )13(bench )13(at)-5( ~)-8(24\260)-10(C)-9( for 3 days)-8( t)-5(o)1( al)-5(l)-5(o)1(w)-5( addi)-5(t)-5(i)-5(onal)-5( s)-8(poru-)]TJ 0 Tc -33.597 18.478 TD 0.448 0 TD /F7 1 Tf [(neva, N)11(Y)11(,)1( w)11(ith pr)10(actical r)10(e)1(sistance to tr)10(iadim)7(e)1(f)10(on \()10(s)6(um)7(m)7(a)1(r)10(i)-1(zed f)10(r)10(o)-2(m)7( pr)10(evious r)10(e)1(por)10(ts\))]TJ 5.52 0 0 5.52 413.49 243.45 Tm 0.146 Tw 0.236 Tw 0.107 Tc 4.81 0 TD 15.544 0 TD )-7( )-13(Each )-13(col)-4(ony )-13(i)-4(n)2( )-13(t)-4(h)2(e)]TJ w3TPI2P0T5T Rf -0.004 Tc "F hD":'8h6h6h6h !! (B)Tj 9.48 0 0 9.48 62.97 338.49 Tm 353.97 268.17 29.52 -0.6 re -0.004 Tc -20.313 -1.119 TD 0.991 w f -1.962 -1.114 TD [(175)-2828( )-254( )]TJ )-9(10,)-9( 0. 414.69 268.17 29.52 -0.6 re -20.557 -1.114 TD 1 J 1 j 0.495 w 10 M []0 d ( )Tj <>stream 306.57 209.73 64.44 -0.6 re f [(T)80(A)12(BL)5(E)5( 1. 5.52 0 0 5.52 44.97 98.25 Tm 0.059 Tw 8.04 0 0 8.04 404.49 284.97 Tm 445.05 186.69 29.52 -0.6 re /F7 1 Tf [(P)19(o)7(o)7(l)9(e)11(d)7( d)7(a)11(t)9(a)-2168(5.9)-2854(1.16)-3414(4)-3604(3.6)-2720(1.20)]TJ 0.29 Tc 0.043 Tw 8.04 0 0 8.04 182.01 272.01 Tm -0.004 Tc /F5 1 Tf [(\205\205\205\205\205)15(6)2776(2)0(9)2776(7)]TJ f T* T* w3TPI2P0T5T Rf 8.04 0 0 8.04 464.61 284.97 Tm This represented a substantial decrease compared to levels used 10 years previously (3096 applications, 12,204 pounds applied in 1997). 5.52 0 0 5.52 480.93 287.49 Tm -0.047 Tw -0.001 Tc 0.207 Tw 7.954 0 0 7.954 46.89 317.25 Tm o [(logis)-6(tic parameters)-6( for each fungicide; log ED)]TJ [(term)6(in)6(in)6(g)6( )13(th)6(e sen)6(s)-3(itiv)6(ity)6( o)6(f)4( )]TJ -26.253 -1.114 TD 0 Tw T* W* n 6.96 0 0 6.96 256.77 199.77 Tm -47.522 -1.119 TD (y)Tj [(mi)-4(l)-4(d)2(ew)-4( at)-4( t)-4(h)2(i)-4(s)-7( s)-7(i)-4(t)-4(e)-3( annual)-4(l)-4(y)2( s)-7(i)-4(nce )-12(1982. /F7 1 Tf -0.018 Tc -3.444 Tw -0.004 Tc [(1)2776(1)2776(2)-485(\205\205\205\205\205\205)15(9)2776(2)15(9)2776(5)0(9)2776(9)0(9)2776(7)0(7)2776(7)0(9)2776(8)0(7)2776(5)0(9)2776(6)]TJ )-7( Thes)-7(e t)-4(r)0(eat)-4(ment)-4(s)-7( and t)-4(h)2(e )-12(cont)-4(rol)-4( )-12(t)-4(h)2(ey)]TJ 0.118 Tw 0 Tc f You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. /F7 1 Tf [(8.2 )123(e)-3310( )-254( )]TJ )]TJ /F7 1 Tf BT -0.005 Tc [( values were cal-)]TJ 0 Tw -0.13 Tc -0.001 Tc (x)Tj [(cant dif)14(f)1(erence in mean log ED)]TJ (22)Tj 5.52 0 0 5.52 44.97 71.25 Tm 5.52 0 0 5.52 44.97 89.25 Tm 5.52 0 0 5.52 377.97 229.77 Tm 8.04 0 0 8.04 522.81 186.21 Tm -0.003 Tc /F7 1 Tf xs [(58 a)-3664( )-123( )-377( )-123( )]TJ 44.85 186.69 4.92 -0.6 re 11.506 0 TD 0.135 Tw 5.52 0 0 5.52 44.97 53.25 Tm -0.002 Tc /F5 1 Tf )-6( \(iii\) A)48( commercial vineyard of )]TJ BT [(F)10(u)-1(lly expanded)]TJ )]TJ 0 -1.114 TD 0.055 Tw f 0.949 -1.114 TD -0.003 Tc 5.52 0 0 5.52 542.25 287.49 Tm [( af)11(ter)11( inoculation)]TJ -25.608 -1.114 TD 0 Tc 0.146 Tw 0 Tc BT Contr)11(o)-1(l of)11( pow)12(der)11(y)-1( m)8(ildew)12( on the )]TJ \(ii\) A)]TJ Similar to other conazole fungicides, triadimefon inhibits the activity of lanosterol 14-demethylase, limiting the biosynthesis of the essential cell wall lipid, ergosterol (Ross et al., 2009). 8.04 0 0 8.04 522.81 150.09 Tm 11.04 0 0 11.04 387.33 163.65 Tm The 14-reductase and 8 7-isomerase are inhibited by four morpholines and some structurally unrelated compounds and two other steps by diverse chemicals. [(with DMIs)-6(. 4.418 0 TD 0.045 Tw [(w)12(ith a hooded-)11(boom)8( s)7(p)-1(r)11(a)2(yer)11( that deliver)11(ed a volum)8(e of)11( 1,870 liter)11(s)7(/ha at 2,070 kP)10(a. (p)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.093 Tw [(t)-6(i)-6(on )13(us)-9(ed )13(\(~)-9(0. GEORGE N. AGRIOS, in Plant Pathology (Fifth Edition), 2005. /F6 1 Tf -0.001 Tw 0.006 Tc [(F)10(i)0(ve D)12(M)-1(I)11( and 10 s)7(u)-1(lf)11(ur)11( applications)7(, 7 J)7(une to 1 A)12(ugus)7(t.)]TJ 5.52 0 0 5.52 44.97 107.25 Tm /F5 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 322.05 163.65 Tm [(co)5(rk)5( )13(b)5(o)5(r)3(er )13(fro)5(m)5( )13(im)5(m)5(a)0(tu)5(re, )13(su)5(rface-sterilized)5( \(5)5(0)5(%)-4( eth)5(a)0(n)5(o)5(l)-2( fo)5(r 3)5(0)5( s\))]TJ BT [(relative humidity with a 12-h light regime \(Phillips)-6( [Somers)-6(et,)-6( )-13(NJ)-6(])]TJ 146.13 402.81 l 7.152 0 TD 0.005 Tc <>stream 0.173 Tw -0.002 Tc 0.156 Tw Medvedovici, in Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (Second Edition), 2005. [(\2262.5 = 0.002 to 0.006 \265g/m)8(l; \2262.0 = 0.006 to 0.02 \265g/m)8(l; \2261.5 =)]TJ 0 Tc /F5 1 Tf 4.164 0 TD -0.004 Tc 0.147 Tw /F7 1 Tf -0.005 Tc 0.159 Tw [(1.2 )123(b)-3373( )-254( )]TJ 0 Tc [(is)-23(o)7(l)]TJ T* /F5 1 Tf T* 0 g -0.001 Tc -0.009 Tc /F7 1 Tf Minimum irritation to the conjuctiva was observed in rabbits with irritation resolved within 1 day. 0.01 Tw 24 0 obj [(Rate \()9(g)-3( a.i./ha\))-4185(L)3(eaf)-5723(Cluster)-5738(L)3(eaf)-5738(Cluster)-5738(L)3(eaf)-5723(Cluster)]TJ 0.032 Tw [(Sulfur)-8649(3,587)-2840( )-254( )]TJ 0.108 Tw 11.04 0 0 11.04 387.33 141.09 Tm /F6 1 Tf 25.278 0 TD [(\(T)75(abl)-5(e)-3( 3\). 0 Tc Moser, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014. They show long protective and curative activity against a broad spectrum of foliar, root, and seedling diseases such as leaf spots, blights, powdery mildews, rusts, smuts, and others caused by many ascomycetes, imperfect fungi, and basidiomycetes. /F5 1 Tf 0.045 Tw /F7 1 Tf 4.582 0 TD 0 Tw -0.001 Tc 0.123 Tw Biosynthesis of glucans is inhibited by two fungicides (including polyoxin for chitin synthase), of methionine by cyprodinil and two others, and of melanin by six fungicides. endobj f 232.65 186.69 29.52 -0.6 re 0 Tc -6.861 -1.114 TD -0.004 Tc /F7 1 Tf 5.52 0 0 5.52 162.81 260.73 Tm [( ve)-6(rs)-10(us)-10( t)-7(hos)-10(e)-6( no l)-7(onge)-6(r a)-6(d)0(e)-6(qua)-6(t)-7(e)-6(l)-7(y)0( c)-6(ont)-7(rol)-7(l)-7(e)-6(d by )-13(t)-7(r)-3(i)-7(a)-6(di)-7(-)]TJ 11.203 0 TD rac-(1R)-1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one, (RS)-1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one, 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone, Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards, Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC), Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA), Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC), Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC), Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically, Usually formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder, Source; quality score; and other information, Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 C (mg l), Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 C, Observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies, Henry's law constant at 25 C (Pa m mol), Dissipation rate RL on and in plant matrix, Published literature RL range 1.6-16.0 days, 14 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=17; RL grapes in cold storage = 216 days, Aqueous hydrolysis DT (days) at 20 C and pH 7, SCI-GROW groundwater index (g l) for a 1 kg ha or 1 l ha application rate, Potential for particle bound transport index, Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg bw d), Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg bw d), Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg), Contact acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g bee), Oral acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g bee), Unknown mode acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g bee), Acute LD (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - g insect), Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC (mg l), Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l), Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC (mg l), Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC (mg l), Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l), Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg), Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC, biomass (mg l), Algae - Acute 72 hour EC, growth (mg l), Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l), Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class), Mammals - Dermal LD (mg kg body weight), ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg bw day), ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg bw day), AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg bw day), AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg bw day), Mammalian dose elimination route and rate. [(or as)-8( t)-5(h)1(e maxi)-5(mum col)-5(ony radi)-5(us)-8( from t)-5(h)1(e )-13(poi)-5(nt)-5( )-13(of )-13(i)-5(nocul)-5(at)-5(i)-5(o)1(n)]TJ 0.104 Tw [(Mean )15(of)11( )15(m)8(a)2(xim)8(u)-1(m)8( )15(hyphal gr)11(ow)12(th f)11(r)11(o)-1(m)8( point of)11( inoculation on eight r)11(e)2(pli-)]TJ 0.206 Tw The hydroxyl group can be converted to carboxymethylether by reacting with ethyldiazoacetate followed by hydrolysis [89,164]. )-9(6,)-9( 10. 0.016 Tw 183.57 197.49 57.36 -9.24 re A substance used to destroy fungal pests. 6.316 -2.38 TD Q [(col)-4(oni)-4(es)-7( )12(on )12(l)-4(eaves)-7( near t)-4(h)2(e head and t)-4(r)0(unk of t)-4(h)2(e grapevi)-4(n)2(es)-7( as)]TJ Triadimefon has been found in US waters at up to 922g/L. 0.274 Tw 535.41 186.69 0.6 -0.6 re 8.04 0 0 8.04 328.05 127.53 Tm -3.899 -1.114 TD 5.52 0 0 5.52 44.97 161.25 Tm -0.001 Tw 0.123 Tw -0.002 Tw 0.007 Tw (50)Tj w3TPI2P0T5T0 -Br44C@" ) s -0.002 Tw As noted earlier, the thyroid functions in maintaining normal metabolic rates and triggering metamorphosis. -0.13 Tc /F7 1 Tf S 3.127 0 TD (y)Tj 0.028 Tw From each leaf, eight disks were cut )-13(and )-13(divided )-13(be-)]TJ 8.04 0 0 8.04 219.33 166.53 Tm -16.101 -1.114 TD /F5 1 Tf f xs [( A)-5(pproxi)-5(mat)-5(e)-4(l)-5(y)1( 60 s)-8(i)-5(ngl)-5(e-)]TJ T* 6.697 0.884 TD ( )Tj ET 0 Tc 0 Tc /F7 1 Tf 175.41 250.89 0.6 -0.6 re 0.106 Tw 9.48 0 0 9.48 143.37 611.85 Tm endstream /F3 1 Tf Becau)5(se p)5(r)3(e-)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 4.38 0 TD 1.328 Tc A triadimefon hapten was synthesised by the formation of succinyl triadimenol to introduce the carboxylic acid functionality onto the compound for coupling as illustrated in Figure5 [72]. -0.008 Tc [(8 days)-7( i)-4(n)2( a grow)-4(t)-4(h)2( chamber)51(. 0.129 Tc 0.038 Tc 0 Tw 110.13 114.69 0.6 -0.6 re 0.011 Tc f 0 Tc 9.582 0 TD 0.072 Tw Biology Laboratory | Terms of use, An EC 1.14.13. -5.519 -1.114 TD BX /GS1 gs EX (M)Tj -0.001 Tw [(U. n)6(eca)6(to)6(r)]TJ )-9(32,)-9( 0. /F6 1 Tf [(s)8(u)-1(r)12(e)3( \()12(unexpos)8(ed, )]TJ 0.209 Tw endstream 7.954 0 0 7.954 69.93 359.49 Tm _1FmF_wZ!h;1G`Hk;E"#h6FmFmYmFmJaFmFmFmFmVmFmFmFmFm]FmFmFmFmY|c1f3c1f3m)mFmFmFmFmYmFmF6f3c1c1f3c1f3aAFmYmYm_G)Hsr&Z%(;1"A6s$"mFyFmFmFmFmVmf3hc1f3c1c1f3Y1f3c1f3c1f3c1f3c1f3cf3c1fFo1FmFmFm~mFhc1f3c1f06h6kuJQvc;IG`Hk;D)F6hFmFmYmFmJaFmFmFmFmVmFmFmFmFm#h6h6h6h6k/Fc1f3c1fc1c1f3c1f3 6h6kk^?>#9:Dr!hA!!!!! (Mean)Tj 29 0 obj 0.219 Tw 2022-08-01T23:29:43-07:00

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